Dogs are among the best domesticated animals in the world, fulfilling various roles in every human society. According to the ownership and degree of confinement, dogs are classified into various categories by national and international organizations working on dog population management and animal welfare. In Africa the majority of dogs are recorded to be “free to roam”, no matter if they have an owner or not. Despite their valued roles in human society, dogs, especially when they roam free, can be a public health threat, a safety issue in traffic and a challenge to other animals’ health.